Bristlecone Pine Trees

Bristlecone pines, Methuselah and his old colleagues! Old trees have fascinated people of all times, particularly bristlecone pine trees. In many native cultures old trees had an important role in religious rites. They are a kind of universal symbol all over the world.

Until today old, majestic trees like the bristlecone pine trees are understood as a symbol for life, the eternal forces of nature, longevity and the capability to survive hardship.

Old trees and forests have become a symbol for ecological balance too. They remember us to take care about our planet in a responsible way.

Read here about the oldest trees on earth, their story of discovery by Dr. Edmund Schulman, the oldest bristlecone pine called Methuselah in the White Mountains of north western California and what we might learn from these ancient trees.

A special thank you to my friend, fellow lensmaster and artist Martin aka editionh for turning me on to bristlecone pine trees and Methuselah in such a beautiful manner! What a beautiful story. Thank you Martin!

Photo credit: Pine tree Provence landscape by editionha.

Methuselah Poll
Just a quick little question for you! Had you heard of Methuselah previously?

1. Yes, I knew about Methuselah and the Bristlecone Pine Trees too!
2. I didn't know too much about Methuselah.
3. Well, I am just hearing about Methuselah today!

The Bristlecone Book

Learn more fascinating information about the bristlecone and foxtail pines trees that thrive in a harsh environment and live thousands of years with a special focus on Great Basin bristlecone pine, the oldest tree species on earth.

The Bristlecone Book: A Natural History of the World's Oldest Trees

In this extraordinary journey into the world of bristlecones, author Ronald Lanner exposes the trees inner workings, taking apart a pine to examine bark, buds, needles, cones, roots, and wood.

He follows a tree's lifespan from seedling to great old age, presenting a new interpretation of stages of growth. 

Discovery of Dr. Edmund Schulman
The great age of bristlecone pines was dicovered by Dr. Edmund Schulman.


It is the merit of Dr. Schulman having discovered and documented the great age of the bristlecone pines in the arid mountains of the Great Basin, from Colorado to California. Tragically Dr. Schulman died from heart attack at age of 49 just before his findings where published in 1958 and gained worldwide recognition.

• Discovery by Dr. Edmund Schulman - This document is a summary of Dr. Schulman's discovery. It contains valuable information about the scientific context that finally led to the exploration of the bristlecone pine forest in the Sierra Nevada.
• Ancient Bristlecone Pine - Website by created by Leonhard Müller in 1995 about the Bristlecone pine forests in California, the discovery of their great age by Dr. Edmund Schulman and the White mountains region.
• Oldest Living Tree Tells All, by Michael P. Cohen : Essays - This is a very interesting essay about the exploration of the bristlecone pines in California in the late 50's and beginning 60's and the political reactions on the cuttings made by Schulman and Currey for scientific purposes.

Methuselah, the Oldest Tree on Earth
Bristlecone pines in the Sierra Nevada seem to be the oldest trees on our planet. Methuselah the oldest tree on earth is 4,734 years old. The exact location is kept secret, but it is known that Methuselah is one of those magnificent bristlecone pines that grow very slowly for thousands of years at about 10 000 feet in the the White Mountains of northwestern California.

• Walking among ancients / Bristlecone groves near Bishop home to oldest trees on Earth - A great article on a visit of the oldest trees in the Sierra Nevada. Walking among ancients-Bristlecone groves near Bishop home to oldest trees on Earth, David Desjardins, Boston Globe Sunday, July 3, 2005 "People's reaction is one of awe and disbelief.
• Inyo National Forest - Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest - Information about the bristlecone pine forest on the website of the Inyo National Forest. Here is a link to the region of the bristlecone pine forest on googlemaps.
• Bristlecone pine - Pinus longaeva - ARKive - Videos and photographs - ARKive has two short but good videos of bristlecone pines together with 15 photographs including images of the seed cones.

Survival Strategies of the Bristlecone Pine
To live long die slowly! The exploration of the ecology of the bristlecone pine might be useful to answer the question of longevity on this planet in general. Some strategies of the Bristlecone pine are well known and used often by other plants, for example to avoid competition by growing on sites where no other plant can grow.

In addition bristlecone pines grow very slowly, their demand for water and nutrition is minimized.

The most fascinating fact however is that the longevity of the bristlecone pine seems to be based on the ability to die slowly. That sounds paradox, but this obviously is a successful way to survive in very difficult climate.

Those parts of the trees which are exposed to strong winds, frost in winter and heat in summer, slowly die, but the tree manages to keep some bark, often only a thin stripe in protected areas alive to serve the living functions over hundreds and thousands of years.

The dead parts form a kind of protection shield against wind, temperature extremes and erosion. Under this protection a part of the tree can continue to live.

Botanical Facts
Bristlecone Pines, also called Great Basin bristlecone pines or intermountain bristlecone pines, are trees of the species Pinus aristata Engelmann var. longaeva (D.K. Bailey) Little.

This species has 5 needles in a bundle. Apart from their typical appearance they can be discerned from other 5 needle species by examining their needles of the previous year. Bristlecone pines keep their needle sheaths for more than a year , whereas all others lose them within the year of growth.

The information on the dimensions of adult trees vary a great deal: height 6 -16 meters and a diameter of from 2 up to 8 meters. The biotope are mountain ranges between 2000 -3500 meters altitude. The trees grow in full sunlight and usually have no competitiors in their biotope. The name giving seed cone shows many bristles at the end of the scales that hold the seed. The cones mature within 1-2 years.

• Botanical facts on Pinus longaeva - University of Hamburg - Description of Pinus longaeva (bristlecone pine) which contains interesting facts about the life Bristlecone pines and their survival strategies in severe climate.
• Bryce Canyon National Park - Bristlecone Pine (U.S. National Park Service) - A description of Bristlecone pines in the Bryce Canyon, also with informations about the ecology and their natural biotop.
• Pinus longaeva (Intermountain Bristlecone Pine) - This website is all about the taxonomy of Pinus longaeva (Bristlecone Pine, Great Basin Bristlecone Pine). It is a great resource if you want to know more about the genus of pine trees in general and the position of the Bristlecone pine within. Also
• Bristlecone pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - Bristlecone Pine on Wikipedia
• Flora of America - Pinus longaeva intermountain bristlecone pine - A short botanical description with a link to a distribution map in the U.S.

Inyo National Forest - The website of the Inyo National Forest with lots of information about this very popular region. The Inyo National Forest, located in California's beautiful Eastern Sierra offers clean air, crystal blue skies, mountain lakes and streams, and high mountains.

The White Mountains Images
A great set of photographs taken in the White Mountains on the Lake Tahoe stock photography blog by photojournalist Scott Sady. ~ Images of the bristlecone pine trees in the White Mountains of California

"Methuselah the oldest tree on earth!" For some reason I thought Methuselah was an elderly sage. Well, what about you? Did you learn something today?


History: Bristlecone Pine Trees : Ah, Methuselah! was originally created on June 29, 2009. Highest lensrank ever achieved: #2,473 overall.

Meniscus Tear

Meniscus Tear : Not Just a Jock's Injury! This is my personal experience with a meniscus tear to my left knee. In the knee, it is a common site of injury! Yes, a meniscus tear is not just a jock's injury! It is a common site of injury which is often seen in contact sports but it also affects the common man. Like you and me!

A meniscus is either of two specific parts of cartilage of the knee. The knee contains a lateral meniscus and a medial meniscus.

Did you know that the medial meniscus is more commonly affected than the lateral meniscus?

Have you had knee pain? Do you think you have a meniscus tear? How do you know if you have such a tear?

P.S. It is pretty cool to see that the picture of my knee post-arthroscopy has been featured on page 1 of both Google web searches and image searches -- thanks for the love, Google! I think Google rocks!

Photo Credit: Meniscus tear repair surgery on JaguarJulie Ann Brady left knee.

Cast your vote on Meniscus Tear!
Have you ever experienced this painful condition? Have you had a meniscus tear?

1. Yes -- I had surgery
2. Yes -- no treatment
3. Maybe, don't know yet
4. Nope -- I'm lucky, I guess!

Post-op 6 months after Meniscus Tear surgery ~ Left knee

I had arthroscopy in July 2007 to repair a torn medial meniscus. These may run in the family ... It appears as though the tendency to have these tears may indeed be in the genes. My mother has experienced similar issues, but actually had her meniscus removed!

Post-op 6 months after Meniscus Tear surgery ~ Left knee

Symptoms of Meniscus Tear

1. Knee pain.
2. Swelling of the knee.
3. Tenderness when pressing on the meniscus.
4. Popping or clicking within the knee.
5. Limited motion of the knee joint.

Diagnosing a Meniscus Tear

The pain is quite specific! In osteoarthritis, the meniscus is either torn or worn away from overuse, age, or injury. The joint will be in pain when in use, but when there is no load, the pain goes away.

A torn meniscus can be repaired through some surgery and the body's ability to heal itself. In addition, there are techniques under research which involve sutures and biological glues to enable healing. If the tear is far away from the meniscus' blood supply (the meniscus becomes avascular towards the unattached, thin interior edge), then repair is unlikely.

Capsule of right knee-joint (distended) Posterior aspect -- Grays Anatomy

In these cases arthroscopic surgery allows for a meniscectomy, removing the torn tissue and allowing the knee to function with some of the meniscus missing. Usually younger patients are more resilient and react well to this treatment, while older, more sedentary patients do not have such rejuvenating ability.

In situations where the meniscus is torn beyond repair or partial removal, a total menisectomy and meniscus replacement may be the only option before a total knee replacement.

In sports and orthopedics, people will sometimes speak of "meniscus surgery" and a "torn meniscus" and be referring to an injury to one of the menisci. Tears in the meniscus may be assessed and measured via a minimally invasive test called meniscometry.

Diagnosis

1. X-rays and MRIs are the two tests commonly used in patients who have meniscus tears.
2. An x-ray can be used to determine if there is evidence of degenerative or arthritic changes to the knee joint.
3. The MRI is helpful at actually visualizing the meniscus.

Meniscus Repair FAQs

1. In order for the meniscus repair to heal, the tear must be near this outer edge in an area of good blood supply.
2. Arthroscopically placed tacks can be used, or the torn edges can be sutured or sometimes trimmed.
3. Both procedures function by reapproximating the torn edges of the meniscus to allow them to heal in their proper place.

Meniscus Tear Physical Rehabilitation
My PT involved 4 weeks of 3 visits per week. Although PT was scheduled for the following week after arthroscopy, I waited an additional week to get started.

Managing My Knee Pain

I have found that my knee pain has been a lot more manageable than the shoulder and hip pain that I have experienced throughout my life.

I've gotten to know a lot about heat patches and my Tens Unit. I've surely used more than one person's share of ThermaCare Lower Back & Hip Heat Wraps throughout my life.

For the most part, ice packs weren't all that friendly to my body parts. I'd experience a lot of muscle cramps, particularly with my shoulder injury.

Thanks for visiting!
Have you or someone you know torn a meniscus? Had or contemplating surgery? I'd love to hear from you.

History: Meniscus Tear : Not Just a Jock's Injury was originally created on Squidoo by JaguarJulie on December 25, 2007. Highest lensrank ever achieved: #62 overall. This was a top lens with 14 days on the Top 100 list. Lens #222 in the quest for Giant Squid 300 Club.